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ENGL 1102 List of important terms Canon – list of greatest works of literature Frame of reference – your point of view, which has been shaped by social, political, and cultural forces. Tone- Mood or feeling of a work Theme- a distinct, recurring, and unifying quality or idea found in a work Setting- Time and place a story is set Climax- The point of highest emotional excitement in a story Denouement – French for “unknotting”, it describes the unraveling that comes after the climax Plot- What happens in a story Dynamic character- One that changes throughout a story Static character- One that stays the same throughout a story Stereotype- an oversimplified standardized image of a person or group Genre- Specific type of fiction with well-defined rules and attributes Freytag’s Pyramid- A diagram showing the rising and falling action of a story Chekhov’s Gun- “If a gun is introduced into a story, it must be fired by the story’s end.” ….meaning that nothing in a story should be unused or superfluous Metafiction – fiction writing that deals, often playfully and parodically, with the nature of fiction, the techniques and conventions used in it, and the role of the author Metacognition – knowledge of your own thoughts and the factors that influence your thinking Synesthesia- literature in literature, the description of one kind of sense perception using words that describe another kind of sense perception, as in the phrase "shining metallic words" Macguffin- Object around which a plot revolves. Usually, the object itself is pretty meaningless. (coined by Alfred Hitchcock) Meter- Pattern of stressed and unstressed sounds in a poem Foot- Basic unit of measurement in poetry. Rhythm- General recurring beat in poetry Stanza- Specific collection of lines in a poem Iamb – unstressed, stressed foot structure Trochee- stressed, unstressed foot structure Anapest – unstressed, unstressed, stressed foot structure Dactyl- stressed, unstressed, unstressed foot structure Spondee- stressed, stressed foot structure Pyrrhic- unstressed, unstressed foot structure Monometer- one foot per line Dimeter- two feet per line Trimeter- three feet per line Tetrameter- four feet per line Pentameter- five feet per line Hexameter- six feet per line Heptameter- seven feet per line Octameter- eight feet per line Sonnet- 14-line poem with set rhyme scheme in iambic pentameter Shakespearean (English) sonnet – rhyme scheme: ABAB CDCD EFEF GG Petrarchan (Italian) sonnet – rhyme scheme: ABBAABBA CDECDE (or CDCDCD) Volta- turn of idea found usually after 8th line in a sonnet Octet- First eight lines of a sonnet Sestet- last six lines of a sonnet Stressed syllable- syllable that is emphasized Unstressed syllable – syllable that is not emphasized Irony – incongruity between what actually happens and what might be expected to happen, especially when this disparity seems absurd or laughable Unreliable narrator- A narrator that may not be capable of accurately relating the story to the reader Omniscient narrator—all-knowing narrator Onomatopoeia – words that sound like what they mean (E.g. “boom”, “buzz” Imagery - the figurative language, especially metaphors and similes, used in poetry, plays, and other literary works Romanticism- Romanticism or Romantic Era is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution.[1] In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature,[2] and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but had a major impact on historiography[3], education[4] and natural history.[5] - -source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism Realism- Realism often refers more specifically to the artistic movement, which began in France in the 1850s. These realists positioned themselves against romanticism, a genre dominating French literature and artwork in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Purporting to be undistorted by personal bias, Realism believed in the ideology of objective reality and revolted against the exaggerated emotionalism of the romantic movement. Truth and accuracy became the goals of many Realists. Many paintings which sprung up during the time of realism depicted people at work, as during the 19th century there were many open work places due to the Industrial Revolution and Commercial Revolutions. The popularity of such 'realistic' works grew with the introduction of photography — a new visual source that created a desire for people to produce representations which look “objectively real.” -source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realism_(arts) Modernism – the revolutionary ideas and styles in art, architecture, and literature that developed in the early 20th century as a reaction to traditional forms. Fragmentation and non-heroic themes were important. Influenced by World Wars I and II. Postmodernism- a style in architecture, art, literature, and criticism developed after and often in reaction to modernism, characterized by reference to other periods or styles in a self-conscious way and a rejection of the notion of high art. ALSO LEARN THE CRITICAL MODES LISTED FROM PAGE 1536 to page 1558 – TOO ELABORATE AND LONG TO LIST HERE!!!!!!!! |